Many phenomena in nature, society, and technology do not distribute evenly. Instead, we constantly encounter situations where a small number of causes account for a large proportion of effects: a handful of cities host the majority of a country’s population, a few websites
Many encounter a bewildering array of probabilities in daily life and professional analysis—from calculating insurance risks to interpreting medical test results. Yet often, these scenarios involve not just a single event but a mix of multiple possibilities woven together. To accurately navigate such